1857 Large Map of South Africa by Bartholomew

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1857 Large Double-Folio Map of South Africa by John Bartholomew.
Also shows Great Namaqualand, Bechuana, Transvaal, and Oranje River Sovereignty

Colored; One inset: Continuation of Africa South of the Equator

This original map by John Bartholomew appeared in "General Atlas of World" published 1857 by Adam and Charles Black in Edinburgh. Printed in color by Schenck and McFarlane. John Bartholomew, F.R.G.S. (1831-1893), was a mapmaker and publisher. He established in 1826 the company "John Bartholomew and Son" located in Edinburgh. Plate No. XLIV-I.

This superb authentic map of South Africa shows detail of the interior and coastal line, including provinces, towns, rivers, mountans, tribes, roads, etc. The map is beautifully detailed. Some interesting features pertaining to its content are listed in the following.

• The provinces of Cap Colony are shown, as well as Caffraria (Transkei), and Natal.
• Kaffraria (Caffraria; from Arabic kafir, "infidel") were the territories along the southeast coast of Africa that were colonized by the Portuguese and British. The term referred more specifically in the 19th century to those lands inhabited by the Xhosa-speaking peoples of the Transkei and Ciskei. Now considered pejorative, the term Kaffir was used in the 19th century as a synonym for Xhosa. In 1847, during the Cape Frontier Wars, the British government annexed the territory between the Keiskama and Kei rivers (inhabited by the Ngqika group of the Xhosa peoples, the Thembu, and the Mfengu) as the crown colony of British Kaffraria. After 1857 this area was opened to white settlement and was reluctantly incorporated by Cape Colony in 1865.
• Orange Free State is incorrectly named "the Orange River Sovereignty." After 1836 came the Great Trek, a migratory movement in which larger numbers of Boer farmers seeking freedom from British rule moved north across the Orange River. In 1848 the British annexed the territory between the Orange and Vaal rivers, proclaiming it the Orange River Sovereignty over the resistance of the Boer general Andries Pretorius. The British proved unable to build an orderly administration, however, and conflicts with the Sotho convinced the British to withdraw in 1854. On Feb. 23, 1854, under the Bloemfontein Convention, the British relinquished their sovereignty and the local Boer settlers formed the independent Orange Free State.
• Transvaal is named "Trans Vaal Republic." The British in 1852 recognized the independence of the Afrikaners north of the Vaal River under the terms of the Sand River Convention. The Boers drafted a constitution in 1855, and the communities centred at Pretoria, Potchefstroom, and Rustenburg joined in 1857 to form a Transvaal state called the South African Republic. The new republic's authority was limited to the southwestern Transvaal, though it claimed sovereignty over the entire area between the two rivers.
• Johannesburg and Pretoria are not marked. Pretoria was founded in 1855 by Marthinus, son of Andries Pretorius , the Boer statesman for whom the city was named, it became the capital of the Transvaal in 1860. Johannesburg was founded much later, after the gold rush.
• Present-day Lesotho is shown as part of the Cap Colony, inhabited by the Bassutos (the Sotho) and the Bastards. In 1834 large numbers of Boer trekkers from the Cape Colony began to settle on the western margins of the kingdom and challenged the right of the Sotho to their land. The next 30 years were characterized by conflict and outbursts of warfare between the Sotho and Boers. Ultimately, the Sotho lost most of their territory west of the Caledon River, from which the Boers formed the Orange Free State. The British , to whom Mshweshwe, the chief of the Sotho, appealed for intervention, also participated in these outbreaks but were unable to resolve the dispute over where the boundary should be drawn.
• Walvis Bay is named "Walvish Bay", Durban - D'Urban, and Maputo - "Portuguese Ft."
• The large inset shows Africa south of the equator. Lake Nyasa (Malawi), named "Nyassa," is placed more-of-less correctly (although positioned diagonally). On the other hand, Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika are not shown at all. It is only in 1858 that the search by Europeans for the source of the Nile led to the sighting of the lake by the British explorer John Hanning Speke. Interior is virtually unknown. A "Native route across the inerior" is marked.

The map is large; engraving measures 16 1/2" x 22" on 17 1/4" x 24" sheet. One centerfold, as issued. Printed in color on strong quality paper. The map is in good/very good condition. Imperfections: some age toning; two faint water stains in lower corners (hardly noticeable). Will look great with a mat and frame.

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