1855 Map United States Gold Regions Railroads

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1855 Hand Colored Map of the Southeastern United States by Dufour
"États-Unis, Région du Sud par A.H. Dufour"
Shows Gold Regions in North Carolina and Georgia, Railroads

Auguste Henri Dufour (1798-1865) published a number of atlases in the early 19th century. This map comes from 'Atlas Populaire', published 1855 in Paris by Gustave Barba. Engraved by Erchard.

This superb hand colored pre-Civil War map of the Southeast United States. shows major cities, rivers, lakes, mountain chains, and railroads (in operation and planned). Excellent detail. Some conmments pertaining to map's content are given in the following.

• In 1855 the capital of Georgia was Milledgeville. Atlanta is not indicated (Marietta is!); it was only in 1837 that a spot near what is now Five Points, in the centre of the present-day city, was selected for the southern terminus of a railroad. The location was first known as Terminus and then as Marthasville; at its incorporation as a city in 1845, it was named Atlanta for the Western and Atlantic Railroad. Atlanta was soon to vie for selection as state capital, in part due to its rapid growth and its status as rail center of Georgia. By 1845, the Georgia Railroad linked Atlanta to Augusta, and the following year the Macon and Western (now the Central of Georgia) tied Atlanta to Macon.
• Memphis is shown but not named. The Memphis-La Grange railroad in Tennessee is marked. It was finished in 1853.
• The planned railroad between Opelousas and Marganzas in Louisiana is indicated. The first attempt to bring the railroad to Opelousas was in 1854. However, this railroad was never completed.
• Jackson (Mississippi) is not marked. It can be found, however at the crossing point of railroads linking Vicksburg with Brandon and Natchez with Canton. A very short railroad linking Hernando with Commerce is also indicated.
• Oklahoma and Kansas are called Indian Territory. Actually, Kansas became the 34th state of the United States in 1861. The Arbuckle Mountains in Oklahoma are named the Washita Hills.
• Historic Fort Fanning, Fort Drane, Fort King, Fort Dulanetj, Fort George, and Fort Brooke are shown in Florida.
• Fort Smith is shown in Arkansas, Fort Jesup and Fort Garrison - in Louisiana, and Aurora and Franklin in SE Texas. Little Rock (Arkansas) is spelled "Litle Rock".
• The hand coloring is nice but not very accurate (the borders lines are correct). The coloring suggests that Florida should extend all the way to the Mississippi. The western corner of North Carolina (Franklin, Murphy, Asheville/Ascher) is colored yellow (Georgia).
• There are two areas called "Gold Region" (encircled in red on the picture but NOT on the map; see the first image). The first one is in North Carolina, between Charlotte and Fayetteville. In 1799 farmer John Reed found a seventeen pound gold nugget on his farm twenty-five miles east of the village of Charlotte, south of Concord in Cabarrus County. Reed used the rock as a doorstop until 1802 when a jeweler recognized it as gold, setting off the United States first gold rush. As discoveries spread to nearby counties in North and South Carolina, Charlotte became the trade center of America's first gold production region. Between 1838 and 1861 the Charlotte mint coined more than $5 million in gold pieces. After the Civil War the building reopened as an assay office until 1913, though Charlotte had given up its lead in U. S. gold production with the legendary California gold rush of 1849. The second gold region is marked in North Georgia, around Dahlonega-Dawsonville. When the news spread that gold had been discovered in North Georgia on Cherokee land, thousands of gold seekers flocked into Northeast Georgia from 1828 to 1847.

Image measures 9.5 x 12.25 inches on 11.2 x 15 inches sheet. Margins suitable for framing. One centerfold, as issued. Printed on a strong quality paper. The condition is very good. Imperfections: age toning; browning in margins. Will look great with a mat and frame.

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